FERROUS
METALS
|
Name
|
m
|
Percentage
carbon and other elements
|
m
|
Tensile
strength
|
m
|
Uses
|
|
Dead mild steel
|
è
|
0.1 – 0.15 carbon
|
è
|
400 N/mm
|
è
|
Wire, drawn tube,
nails, rivets, sheet steel for pressings
|
|
Mild steel
|
è
|
0.15 – 0.3 carbon
|
è
|
500N/mm
|
è
|
Girders, boiler
plates, nuts and bolts, bar for general use
|
|
Medium carbon steel
|
è
|
0.3 – 0.8 carbon
|
è
|
750 N/mm
|
è
|
Crankshafts, axles,
couplings, gears, wire ropes, hammer heads, cold chisels
|
|
High carbon steel
|
è
|
0.8 – 1.4 carbon
|
è
|
900 N/mm
|
è
|
Springs, knives,
scewcutting taps and dies, saw blades
|
|
Grey cast iron
|
è
|
3.2 – 3.5 carbon
|
è
|
200 N/mm
|
è
|
Machine beds, water
pipes, columns, ornamental castings
|
|
High-speed steel
|
è
|
0.7 carbon
18
tungsten
4
chromium
1
vanadium
|
è
|
-
|
è
|
Twist drills, milling
cutters, turning tools
|
|
Stainless steel
|
è
|
0.04 carbon
0.45
manganese
14
chromium
|
è
|
600 N/mm
|
è
|
Kitchenware, food
containers, pressings
|
ALLOY STEELS
These are steels that contain
alloying elements other than carbon to give them special properties.
Two alloy steels that are widely used in engineering are high-speed
steel and stainless steel. High-speed steel is used for cutting
tools, such as twist drills and milling cutters. In addition
to carbon, it contains tungsten, chromium and vanadium. These
enable the tools to retain their hardness and sharp cutting
edges when operating at high speeds.
Stainless steel is used
for a variety of products that must have a high resistance
to corrosion. In addition to carbon, it contains chromium,
manganese and nickel. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant
because the thin oxide film that forms on its surface is very
dense and protects it from further attack.
|
|
